Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Overview

Colon cancer; which includes cancers of both the colon and the rectum — is the second leading type of cancer death in the United States. Just as not smoking goes a long way in preventing lung cancer, regular testing for and removal of colon polyps (small, protruding clumps of cells on the inside wall of the colon) can prevent colon cancer. ⁽¹⁾

Several screening methods exist — each with its own pros and cons. Whichever method you choose, if you're at average or higher risk of colon cancer, any screening is better than no screening. Proper screening and early detection can go a long way in preventing and treating colon cancer.⁽¹⁾

Common screening procedures include:

Barium enema
Colonoscopy
Fecal occult blood test (FOBT)
Flexible sigmoidoscopy

Along with regular colorectal cancer screenings, regular exercise and maintaining a healthy weight can reduce your risk of being diagnosed with colorectal cancer. While recent research has presented conflicting evidence about fruits and vegetables and the prevention of colorectal cancer, a diet rich in fruits and vegetables provides overall health benefits and can help prevent other cancers. On-going research will help answer questions about the extent to which dietary changes can protect against colorectal cancer. ⁽²⁾

The risk of developing colorectal cancer increases with age. Starting at age 50, men and women who are at average risk for the disease should get screened. Men and women who have a higher risk of colorectal cancer may need to be tested earlier and should talk to their health care professional about when. ⁽²⁾

Some people are at a higher risk for developing colorectal cancer and may need to be tested earlier. Because of disproportionate screening, minorities, particularly African-Americans and Hispanics, are more likely to be diagnosed with colorectal cancer in advanced stages. As a result, death rates are higher for these populations than they are for white Americans.⁽²⁾

All men and women should talk with their health care professional about colorectal cancer and colorectal cancer screening tests. It is also very important to know your family medical history, because colorectal cancer can be hereditary. ⁽²⁾